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Netcom
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Francisco Bay Area. When first launched, Reiger was the only system administrator for the company, and some users recall phoning him early in the morning to fix internet access issues until he hired night staff. In 1992, the company was incorporated. As the World Wide Web became more popular, and users were looking for an easy way to surf the Web, Netcom released a Windows 3.1 based program called NetCruiser (originally it was to be called Internet Xpress, but there were legal issues with calling it by that name, so it was changed in the latter part of development). The NetCruiser service became very popular and made Netcom one of the leading Internet Service Providers by the mid 1990s. Netcom On-line gained a lot of press when The Church of Scientology
NeXT
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re-writing the whole idea of the operating system object oriented programming, a hot topic in the research world Later that year he collected these ideas into a product concept that he thought would be the next big thing: an object oriented toolkit, aimed primarily at the academic market, using PostScript as the display technology. Starting NeXT Inc. with an out-of-pocket investment of $7 million, he hired seven employees (mostly ex-Apple folk from the Apple Macintosh project) and started work with Adobe on what would eventually become Display PostScript. NeXT Computer By the middle of 1986 it was clear that no existing operating system (OS) was capable of hosting the toolkit, at least not on a personal computer level. Instead of making and selling a toolkit, the business plan changed to making
NAPLPS
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rate was quite slow, about 600bps, resulting in largely static pages. At about this time the Canadian government decided to create its own "second generation" service that would support both text and graphics, called Telidon. To start they used up considerably more of the "wasted" portion of the TV signal, and increased the signalling rate to about 2400bps. To this they added a "backchannel" that send data back to the hosting computers, typically over phone lines. But the real effort centered on creating a simple graphics language that would allow a more complex circuit in the TV to decode not only characters, but simple graphics as well. To do this the graphic was encoded as a series of instructions (graphics primitives) like "polyline" which was represented as the characters PL followed
OpenFacts
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is collaboratively developed and can be distributed for free works in practice, and big IT players are jumping on the bandwagon: Sun (OpenOffice.org), AOL (Mozilla web browser) and IBM (Linux solution) support OSS development. But many OSS applications lack complete and accurate documentation. So-called HOWTOs explain precisely how certain problems in the world of Linux, FreeBSD & Co. can be solved; these are often maintained by single individuals, however, and many of them have not been updated for years. In January 2003, the Wikipedia project, an open content encyclopedia, announced its 100,000th article. How was this rapid success after only two years possible? Wikipedia uses the wiki principle, which allows every visitor to immediately edit any article without even having to create an account. The user community keeps an eye on
Prodigy (ISP)
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were ever transmitted to Prodigy or used exclusively for local storage. Prodigy also was accused of heavy-handed censorship of its users, for a time banning the mention of other users in public forums. The most infamous example of this was a coin collector's message being banned because it contained the phrase Roosevelt dime — there was also a user of the service named Roosevelt Dime. Many sophisticated users avoided the service for these reasons. The growth of the Internet into homes in the mid 1990s hurt Prodigy, who in 1994 became the first of the early-generation dialup services to offer access to the World Wide Web and to offer Web page hosting to its members. Soon, the company retooled itself as an ISP, making its main offering Internet access branded as
Persikka Interactive
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founded in the beginning of 2001. Employees ca. 5 The company's main products and servicies concists of web design and hosting. URL: http://www.persikka.com
Paul Harvey
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was Director of Special Events as well as working as a roving reporter. In 1940, Harvey moved to Hawaii to cover the U.S. Navy as it concentrated its fleet in the Pacific. He was returning to the United States from assignment in Hawaii when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Harvey then enlisted in the Army Air Corps, where he served until 1944. After leaving military service, Harvey moved to Chicago, where in June 1944, he began broadcasting from the ABC affiliate WENR-AM. He quickly became the most popular newscaster in Chicago. In 1945 he began hosting the postwar employment program "Jobs for G.I. Joe" on ABC affiliate WENR-AM. In 1946, Harvey added "The Rest of the Story" segments to his newscasts, which eventually became its own series in 1976. In 1951,
Spamdexing
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It is also called search engine spamming and refers to the practice on the World Wide Web of deliberately modifying HTML pages to increase the chance of them being placed high on search engine relevancy lists. People who do this are called search engine spammers. Search engines use a variety of algorithms to determine relevancy ranking. Some of these include determining whether the search term appears in meta-keywords, others whether the search term appears in the body text of a web page. A variety of techniques are used to spamdex, including listing chosen keywords on a page in small-point font face the same colour as the page background (rendering it invisible to humans but not search engine web crawlers). Search engine spammers are generally aware that the content that they promote
Sexy Losers
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Sexy Losers Sexy Losers is an adult web comic by an artist who uses the pseudonym Hard. The strip has a significant following; its web hosting company's promotional material indicated that it received one million unique visitors in August 2003. The strip, while satirical fare, draws from several themes generally alien to light comic fare, including necrophilia and incest. A number of its jokes are drawn from recurring elements of pornographic or animated pornographic (hentai) films. One character, for instance, is a bukkake film actress. The strip first appeared in April 1999; as of 2004, over two hundred strips have been produced. External Links Sexy Losers
Colocation centre
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one anothers' networks (points of presence). Most peering points are sited in colocation centres. These sites are often used for Web hosting. Most colocation centres have high levels of physical security and multiple redundant power and air-conditioning systems. See also: Telehouse
Censorship in Australia
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and distribution of some creative works, including magazines, movies, television computer games, web site content, live theatre, and other forms. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Current Situation 3 Video Pornography 4 The Internet 5 Video Games 6 Racial Vilification Laws 7 Current Controversies History To be filled in, points to consider: Lady Chatterley and the trial book. censorship of live theatre. introduction of OFLC in the 1970s. gradual relaxation of guidelines. relatively relaxed attitudes of aus network tv. Current Situation Currently, Australia's censorship regime is largely the purview of the Office of Film and Literature Classification, a Federal Government body. All feature films, videos, television shows (exempting news, current affairs, and documentaries), computer games, and some magazines (those that contain sexual content) for commercial release are required to be
.Mac
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by Apple Computer, using WebDAV technology. These include website hosting, web-based email, iDisk remote storage, virus scanning software, backup software and other "specials" offered by Apple to subscribers. Apple previously offered a similar free service which they called iTools, ending when .Mac debuted. Mac users had varied responses to this move. Critics called the .Mac service overpriced and did not appreciate that subscribers of iTools who did not subscribe to .Mac lost their @mac.com email address. Advocates cited TANSTAAFL and the arguably improved services. All iLife applications (iPhoto, iMovie, iTunes) are integrated with .Mac, allowing .Mac members to share their movies, photos and personal files through the iDisk and .Mac homepages.
Danga Interactive
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The company's slogan is "We make cool stuff." Danga's projects include: LiveJournal, a popular journal hosting service The LiveJournal Server, which is licensed under the GPL picpix.com, a proposed photo hosting service FotoBuilder, the open source software which runs picpix.com Better Markup Language (BML), a server-side markup language memcached, a open source cache tool for web applications Danga Interactive was originally incorporated as Bradfitz, Inc. on August 27, 1999. The name was changed to its current form on August 1,2002. The company is headquartered in Aloha, Oregon.
UUNET
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repository of software source code and related information. The venture proved successful, shedding its non-profit status within two years. In 1990, UUNET launched its AlterNet service, which provided access to an IP backbone independent of the constraints of those operated by the government. That network lives on in a much larger form and serves as the core of a set of products which include access at dial-up and broadband speeds as well as web hosting. Timeline 1987 - UUNET Communications Services is founded and passes its first traffic 1989 - UUNET becomes a for-profit corporation 1990 - UUNET launches AlterNet 1991 - UUNET participates in the founding of the Commercial Internet Exchange Association 1995 - The company sells stock on the NASDAQ stock market in an initial public offering that would
Dave Winer
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and founded Userland Software. In 1992, UserLand developed Frontier, a scripting language for the Macintosh which they gave away for free. After Apple destroyed most of Frontier's market by bundling their own scripting language, AppleScript, with their systems, UserLand ported Frontier to Windows and started charging for it. During the Web boom of the 1990s, Frontier became Manila, a content management system that allowed you to edit web sites from your browser. UserLand ran a free Manila hosting service, EditThisPage.com, which quickly began being used mostly to run weblogs, which Winer helped popularize. UserLand also ran one of the first Web aggregators, My.UserLand.Com, which allowed you to follow numerous weblogs from a single web page using a Netscape-created format called RSS. Winer also developed the protocol XML-RPC which was adapted to
December 2003
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to the Linux kernel mailing list, "... I think we can totally _demolish_ the SCO claim that these 65 files were somehow "copied". They clearly are not." [1] Novell has also registered their claim to the copyright of original UNIX source code, effectively challenging SCO's registration of the same code [1] [1] An earthquake strikes near San Simeon, California, at 19:15 UTC (11:15 PST). The quake registers a 6.5 magnitude on the Richter Magnitude Scale, and causes two deaths from the collapse of a building in the town of Paso Robles. class="external">[1 The Philippines declares a calamity in a southern province after floods killed up to 209 people. [1] December 21, 2003 "The American Soldier" is named as TIME magazine's "Person of the Year". The periodical's editors chose the anonymous soldier
Diebold
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notably by Bev Harris on her website, Blackboxvoting.com, and book by the same name. According to critics, the I-Mark and Microsoft software each represent a single point of failure for the vote counting process, from which 80% of votes can be compromised via the exploit of a single line of code in either subsystem. Harris and C. D. Sludge, an Internet journalist, both claim there is also evidence that the Diebold systems have been exploited to tamper with American elections —a claim Harris expands in her book Black Box Voting. Sludge further cites Votewatch for evidence that suggests a pattern of compromised voting machine exploits throughout the 1990s, and specifically involving the Diebold machines in the 2002 election. Current controversy Its voting machines, which are made by its subsidiary Diebold Election
Uptime
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and stability, in that this time represents the time a computer can be left unattended without crashinging, or needing to be rebooted for administrative or maintenance purposes. Netcraft maintains the uptime records for many thousands of web-hosting computers.
File sharing
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even stronger. So today we are left with a slew of clients with functionality designed around making sharing files more effective, both in the real sense of uploading and downloading (like anti-hoarding functions) and in the more ethereal sense of being bulletproof towards legal issues (as with anonymity and decentralization). List of file-sharing utilities FTP File Transfer Protocol Kermit Operating System File-Sharing Protocols Network File System (NFS) Samba or SMB Appleshare Operating System File-Sharing Servers Windows 2000 Server Linux Novell Mac OS Server HTTP Servers Apache HTTP Server IIS Microsoft Internet Information Services User agents Mozilla, IE, Konqueror, etc. User agents Mozilla CuteFTP IRC Hotline OpenNap protocol Directory servers OpenNap Server User agents Napster Gnapster WinMX Gnutella BearShare Gnucleus Limewire Morpheus Shareaza XoloX Freenet protocol Espra Audiogalaxy iMesh Direct Connect NeoModus
Groklaw
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Groklaw Groklaw is a web site, created by Pamela Jones (posting with the signature PJ) for the purpose of investigating SCO's litigationss against IBM and Linux and providing legal research that might prove helpful. It was designed also as an anti-FUD site. The blog was created in May 2003 and quickly became the focal point for efforts from people not directly involved with the participants of the lawsuits and people not associated with established actors such as the FSF. It became a web site in September 2003, when its popularity caused it to outgrow the blog software. Groklaw focuses on fact-finding. Because the group is made up of programmers as well as lawyers and paralegals, as well as the general public, the combined effort makes it possible to
Greg Deeter
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in Houston, Texas. He is reported to be the sole proprietor of Boomspeed, a web hosting provider.
History of Seattle
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such cycles: The lumber-industry boom, followed by the construction of an Olmsted-designed park system; arguably the Klondike gold rush constituted a separate, shorter boom. The shipbuilding boom, followed by the unused city development plan of Virgil Bogue. The Boeing boom, followed by general infrastructure building. Most recently, the boom based on Microsoft and other software, web, and telecommunications companies, such as Amazon.com, RealNetworks, and AT&T Wireless; although the aforementioned companies remain relatively strong, the boom definitely ended in 2000. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Events 2 Early History of Seattle 3 Railroad Rivalry with Tacoma 4 The fire 5 The Klondike Gold Rush 6 Leader of the Northwest: 1900 -- 1915 7 World War I and after 8 WWII and the Boeing Era: 1945 - 1970 9 The Boeing Bust 10
Ira Flatow
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Radio's popular Talk of the Nation - Science Friday. He is probably best known for hosting Newton's Apple which was a Emmy Award-winning television science program for children and young adults. He was born in New York, New York and his first experience with a television news program was in his high school. In 1967, however, Flatow entered college to pursue an engineering degree. He began working in radio at WBFO, in Buffalo, New York and his first news stories covered antiwar demonstrations and riots. Flatow's first science stories were created in 1970 during the first Earth Day. Years later he be became the news director of WBFO. In 1971 he was hired by the newly-formed National Public Radio in Washington, DC. There he covered the environment, health and medicine news,
Intellectual property education
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for publishers and authors. But because of an accident of modern technology, nearly everything done with computers, especially those on networks, is covered by copyright law, and may be infringing. When installing a program, a copy is made to the hard drive, when launching a copy is made into memory, when visiting a web page a copy is sent over the network. All these activities are allowed in the US under section 117 Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs of the US Copyright Act and do not violate US copyright law, provided that the sale of software is considered a sale under the Uniform Commercial Code, which has substantial case law to support this argument, and not a licesnse. The crux of the current debate on copyrights is actually due to
Internet service provider
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services like internet transit, domain name registration and hosting, dial-up access, leased line access and colocation. Trend In the first few years of the Twenty-first Century, many ISPs in the United States have been facing challenges. The stock-market for the telecommunications and IT-related industries went down sharply, and many ISPs were forced to go down, restructure itself, sell itself to another company, or merge with others. The slower-than-expected growth of broadband services, key decisions on broadband open access matters all added harshness to the environment in which they have to survive. Among the affected are for-profit free ISPs, such as NetZero and Juno Online Services, BlueLight; all of these no longer free (mostly non-profit) community networks; major players such as AOL, EarthLink, MindSpring, and AT&T; DSL providers such as Covad, NorthPoint
KeenSpace
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KeenSpace provides free domain names, hosting, and updating for web comics. Although much of the material is of questionable quality in infrequent updates, the best ones eventually make it to KeenSpot, recognized as the top notch source for non-syndicated webcomics (A number of the very biggest ones, though, do not use KeenSpot's services).
Website
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Website simple:Website A website or web site is a collection of web pagess, that is, documents accessible via the World Wide Web on the Internet. The pages of a website will be accessed from a common root URL, the homepage, and usually reside on the same physical server. The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although the hyperlinks between them control how the reader perceives the overall structure. Overview A website will often be the work of one person, one organization, or on a particular topic, or have a particular purpose. This is quite a blurry definition, given the hypertext nature of the web: the whole of Wikipedia forms a website, but whether the Meta-Wikipedia pages are part of the same website or a sister website is
Weblog
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Weblog simple:blog A weblog (often web log, also known as a blog, see below) is a website which contains periodic, chronologically ordered posts in a common webspace. The individual posts (which taken together are the weblog) either share a particular theme, or a single or small group of authors. The totality of web logs and blog-related webs is usually called the blogosphere. The format of web logs varies, from simple bullet lists of hyperlinks, to article summaries with user-provided comments and ratings. Individual web log entries are almost always date and time-stamped, and tend to be presented in reverse chronological order, with the newest post at the top of the page. Because links are so important to web blogs, most web blogs have a way of archiving older entries and generating
Web server
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Web server The term web server can mean one of two things: a computer responsible for serving web pages, mostly HTML documents, via the HTTP protocol to clients, mostly web browsers; a software program that is working as a daemon serving web documents. The most common HTTP servers are: Apache HTTP Server from the Apache Software Foundation Internet Information Server (IIS) from Microsoft Caudium (formerly Roxen) AOLserver from America Online thttpd from ACME Laboratories Zeus Web Server from Zeus Technology Sun ONE from Sun Microsystems (formerly Netscape's iPlanet nee Enterprise) iPlanet from Netscape Communications Corporation WebSTAR from 4D, Inc. Stronghold from Red Hat NCSA HTTPd Microsoft Windows PWS The most commonly-used web server, Apache, with over 60% of market share as of March 2003, is available
Virtual hosting
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Virtual hosting Virtual hosting is a method that web servers use to host more than one domain name on the same computer and IP address. With web browsers that support HTTP/1.1 (as most do), upon connecting to a webserver, they send the address that the user typed into their browser's address bar (the URL). The server can use this information to determine which webpage to show the user. For instance, a server could be receiving requests for two domains, www.site1.com and www.site2.com, both of which resolve to the same IP address. For www.site1.com, the server would send the HTML file file from the directory /www/JoeUser/site1/, while requests for www.site2.com would make the server serve pages from /www/FrankUser/site2/.
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